中国明对虾Kazal型丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂基因(Fc-Kazal)的重组表达及活性分析

Kazal型丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂可以通过精确调控丝氨酸蛋白酶的活力,在生物体的防御应答等众多生物过程中发挥重要作用。以前期克隆的中国明对虾Kazal型丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂基因(Fc-Kazal, GenBank注册号为DQ318856)为基础,对其功能结构域进行序列比对和进化分析;组织表达分析结果表明,该基因在血细胞、鳃和淋巴器官等组织中高水平表达,而在眼柄、神经和肌肉中无表达;利用原核表达系统对该基因成熟肽区域成功进行了重组表达,纯化后的目的蛋白最终得率为0.4 g/L培养液;活性分析结果显示,复性后的rFc-Kazal对鳗弧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、杀鲑气单胞菌、苏云金芽孢杆菌有明显的抑菌作用。     

Ikaros基因研究进展

Ikaros基因为淋巴细胞发育过程中不可缺少的转录因子,可调控许多免疫基因的表达,由于其重要的功能而在免疫学领域具有独特的地位。文章介绍了Ikaros基因的结构、功能、调控机制以及鱼类中近年来的研究进展,指出了Ikaros基因在淋巴系统发育过程中的重要作用。     

封闭循环水系统中养殖密度对大菱鲆生长和免疫的影响

研究了大菱鲆幼鱼在封闭循环水系统中养殖密度对其摄食、生长、饲料利用率及免疫机能的影响。实验设计了4组不同处理,初始养殖密度分别为0.66 kg/m2、1.26 kg/m2、2.56 kg/m2、4.00 kg/m2,每个密度组设3个重复,为期100 d,实验结束时养殖密度分别为4.67 kg/m2、7.25 kg/m2、14.16 kg/m2、17.77 kg/m2。结果表明:大菱鲆生长速度与养殖密度呈负相关,各实验组的持定生长率(SGR)值分别为2.67、2.33、2.29、1.98;随着养殖密度的增加,各实验组大菱鲆的体重差异度出现显著变化(P<0.01);大菱鲆的饵料系数与养殖密度呈正相关,实验组1的饵料系数为0.70;实验组4的饵料系数为0.76;养殖密度对大菱鲆的免疫指标碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)及肝脏的脏器系数的影响不大。本实验结果可为鱼类循环水工厂化养殖管理提供参考。     

杨树根际土壤磷吸附特性的研究

对滨海脱盐土壤上11年生1-69杨根际、非根际土壤磷吸附特性进行了研究。结果表明,I-69杨根系活动能抑制根际土壤对磷的吸附,抑制能力与培养溶液起始磷浓度相关,当培养溶液起始磷浓度为30 mg／L时,抑制能力最大,根际、非根际土壤磷吸附量之差为-15．57 mg／kg;I-69杨根际、非根际土壤磷恒温吸附数据都能很好地用一元 Langmuir方程、Freundich方程和Temkin方程拟合,其中一元Langmuir方程拟合最好;根际土壤磷吸附容量参数Xm,k, k1,k2的值明显低于非根际土壤,相关分析表明,它们与土壤有效磷含量呈显著负相关。     

根际微生物对药材道地性的影响

在植物、土壤与微生物所构成的根际微生态系统中,微生物对于土壤肥力的形成、养分的转化吸收、植物生长发育以及植物病虫害的生物防治具有重要的作用.通过对影响根际微生物种群结构因素分析以及根际微生物影响土壤养分释放和植物生长等功能的初步探讨,以期为药材道地性的研究提供新的思路和方法,指导道地药材的生产和实践.     

硫在稻根微域中化学行为及其对水稻吸收重金属的影响机理

我国水稻种植面积和产量分别占世界23%和40%.人类活动,如农药和除草剂施用、采矿、污水灌溉,已经导致了一些地区水稻土污染.开发能够控制、减少水稻对重金属吸收和经食物链传递的技术与方法,对确保食物安全具有重要意义.硫(S)有6个化合态,土壤硫化合物种类多,其在土壤中转化相当复杂,在土壤环境化学研究中具有重要地位.本文收集了国内外有关文献,评述了S在水稻土中的含量、形态及转化,重点阐述了S在根际微域化学行为及其与水稻吸收重金属之间的关联,并提出了未来应开展的主要研究方向.     

Belowground interactions between intercropped wheat and Brassicas in acidic and alkaline soils

Our previous studies showed that, under P-limiting conditions, growth and P uptake were lower in the wheat genotype Janz than in three Brassica genotypes when grown in monoculture. The present study was conducted to answer the question if P mobilised by the Brassicas is available to wheat; leading to improved growth of wheat when intercropped with Brassicas compared to monocropped wheat. To assess if the interactions between the crops depend on soil type, the wheat genotype Janz and three Brassica genotypes (two canolas and one mustard) were grown for 6 weeks in monoculture or wheat intercropped with each Brassica genotype in an acidic and an alkaline soil with low P availability (with two plants per pot). Wheat grew equally well in the two soils, but the Brassicas grew better in the acidic than in the alkaline soil. In the acidic soil, monocropped Brassicas had a 3 to 4 fold greater plant dry weight (dw) and P uptake than wheat; plant dw and P uptake in wheat were decreased or not affected by intercropping and increased in the Brassicas. In the alkaline soil, dw and P uptake of the Brassicas was twice as high as in wheat, with intercropping having no effect on these parameters. The contribution of wheat to the total shoot dw and P uptake per pot was 4-21% and 32-40% in acidic and alkaline soil, respectively. Mycorrhizal colonisation was low in all genotypes in the acidic soil (1-6%). In the alkaline soil, mycorrhizal colonisation of monocropped wheat was 62%, but only 43-47% in intercropped wheat. Intercropping decreased P availability in the rhizosphere of wheat in the acidic soil but had no effect on rhizosphere P availability in the alkaline soil. Intercropping had a variable effect on rhizosphere microbial community composition (assessed by fatty acid methylester analysis (FAME) and ribosomal intergenic spacer amplification (RISA)), ranging from intercropping having no effect on the rhizosphere communities to intercropping resulting in a new and similar rhizosphere community composition in both genotypes. The results of this study show that intercropping with Brassicas does not improve growth and P uptake of wheat; thus there is no indication that P mobilised by the Brassicas is available to wheat.     

Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity is important for colonization of seeds and roots by Enterobacter cloacae

Enterobacter cloacae is a plant-beneficial bacterium that shows promise for suppression of damping-off of cucumber and other crops caused by Pythium ultimum. We have been using a mutational approach to determine the E. cloacae genes important in bacterial-plant and bacterial-pathogen interactions in the spermosphere and rhizosphere. E. cloacae M43 is a transposon mutant of E. cloacae 501R3 that was significantly impaired in colonization of seeds and roots of diverse crop plants. Strain M43 did not increase in population on cucumber, sunflower, and wheat seeds and was significantly reduced in growth on pea seeds relative to strain 501R3. Populations of M43 were also dramatically lower than those of strain 501R3 in cucumber, pea, sunflower, and wheat rhizosphere in 42 d experiments. Molecular characterization of M43 demonstrated that there was a single transposon insertion in the genome of this strain and that this insertion was in a region of the E. cloacae genome with a high degree of DNA sequence identity with aceF. aceF encodes the dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC). Cell lysates from strain 501R3 grown on minimal medium plus 50 mM glycerol and 2 mM acetate contained 0.011±0.0036 U pyruvate dehydrogenase activity while cell lysates from M43 grown under identical conditions contained no detectable pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. Additionally, the nutritional use profile of M43 under aerobic and anaerobic conditions was as expected for an ace mutant. Experiments reported here strongly suggest a role for aceF and the PDHC in colonization of seeds and roots of diverse crop plants by E. cloacae.     

樱桃根际土壤酶活性与土壤养分动态变化及其关系研究

通过盆栽试验研究了樱桃根际脲酶、磷酸酶活性与氮、磷、钾动态变化及其相互关系。结果表明,生长季前期樱桃根际脲酶、磷酸酶活性明显提高,根际酶活性显著高于根外,随物候期进展土壤酶活性及R/S值逐渐降低。氮、磷、钾元素在年生长周期内整体上呈下降趋势,生长季前期根际全氮、碱解氮及全磷亏缺明显,而根际有效磷、速效钾明显富集,这种作用亦随物候期进展逐渐减弱。土壤脲酶、磷酸酶活性与氮磷钾土壤营养元素含量间存在着一定的相关性,以春梢停长期相关程度最高。     

大气CO2浓度升高对植物 土壤系统地下过程影响的研究

综述了大气CO2浓度升高对根系、根际、根系分泌物、土壤呼吸和土壤物质转化和C、N循环影响的研究进展,阐述了有关实验的研究情况,以及它们在整个生态系统响应大气CO2浓度升高中的重要作用、目前研究中存在的争论、以及还需要研究的领域和方向及其研究的重要性。